1. Overview
Choi Da-bin (최다빈Choe DabinKorean, born January 19, 2000) is a retired South Korean figure skater. She is best known for her historic gold medal at the 2017 Asian Winter Games, making her the first South Korean female figure skater to achieve this distinction. Her career also saw her achieve a remarkable seventh-place finish at the 2018 Winter Olympics, which was the highest placement for a South Korean female skater since Kim Yuna. A five-time South Korean national medalist (three silver, two bronze), Choi also secured two bronze medals during the 2015-16 ISU Junior Grand Prix series and placed in the top ten at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships. Her path in figure skating was marked by significant athletic achievements and a resilient spirit, notably enduring personal challenges such as the passing of her mother and recurring skate boot issues. She officially retired from competitive skating following her participation in the 2025 Winter World University Games.
2. Early Life and Background
Choi Da-bin's formative years and educational journey laid the foundation for her successful, yet challenging, figure skating career, while significant family events profoundly impacted her personal and athletic development.
2.1. Childhood and Education
Choi Da-bin was born on January 19, 2000, in Seoul, South Korea. For her secondary education, she attended Suri High School, notably the same high school as the distinguished Olympic figure skating champion Kim Yuna. Following her high school education, Choi pursued higher studies at Korea University Graduate School, where she majored in Sports Psychology at its Sejong Campus.
2.2. Family Background
A significant personal challenge for Choi Da-bin came on June 26, 2017, when her mother passed away from cancer. Her mother was a profound source of support and encouragement, often described by Choi as her biggest supporter and fan. In tribute to her mother, Choi dedicated her 2017-18 season's short program, set to the music "Papa, Can You Hear Me?" After her performance in the team event at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Choi publicly expressed her gratitude, stating, "I am very thankful to my mother, who is watching me from Heaven."
3. Figure Skating Career
Choi Da-bin's competitive figure skating career spanned from her early beginnings in novice and junior competitions to her transition to the senior international stage, where she achieved historic milestones, before facing a period of challenges and eventually concluding her athletic journey.
3.1. Early Career and Junior Years (2007-2015)
Choi began her competitive journey at a young age, demonstrating early promise in the sport. As a nine-year-old, she secured the novice silver medal at the 2010 South Korean Figure Skating Championships. She continued to achieve strong results at the national level, earning bronze medals in the senior category at both the 2012 South Korean Figure Skating Championships and the 2013 South Korean Figure Skating Championships.
Her international junior debut took place during the 2013-14 ISU Junior Grand Prix series, where she finished fourth at the ISU Junior Grand Prix in Belarus and fifth at the ISU Junior Grand Prix in Mexico. At the 2014 World Junior Figure Skating Championships held in Sofia, Bulgaria, Choi delivered a notable performance, placing ninth in the short program and sixth in the free skate. She achieved a new personal best total score of 162.35 points, culminating in a sixth-place overall finish.
In the 2014-15 ISU Junior Grand Prix season, she participated in events in France and Japan, securing fifth and fourth place finishes, respectively. At the 2015 South Korean Figure Skating Championships, she earned a silver medal, placing second in both her programs behind fellow skater Park So-youn. She concluded the season at the 2015 World Junior Figure Skating Championships in Tallinn, Estonia, where she placed ninth in both programs, finishing ninth overall. This performance was significant as it secured two spots for South Korea in the ladies' singles event at the 2016 edition of the World Junior Championships.
3.2. Senior International Debut and Major Achievements (2015-2018)
This period marked Choi's transition to the senior international circuit, where she made significant breakthroughs, including historic medal wins and Olympic participation.
3.2.1. Junior Grand Prix Medals and Initial Senior International Exposure
The 2015-16 ISU Junior Grand Prix season was a notable one for Choi, as she earned her first ISU Junior Grand Prix medals. She secured a bronze medal at the JGP Latvia in Riga and another bronze at the JGP Austria in Linz. Despite initial expectations that achieving a medal would be challenging due to the high level of competition, Choi's strong mental fortitude and consistent technical execution allowed her to succeed.
She made her senior international debut at the 2015 CS Tallinn Trophy, where she finished eighth. Domestically, she achieved her first gold medal at a national competition by winning the 2015 KSU President Cup Ranking Competition. She continued to impress at the 2016 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships in Taipei, Taiwan, placing eighth overall and achieving personal best scores in her free skate and total score. Concluding the season, she placed fourteenth at the 2016 World Figure Skating Championships in Boston.
3.2.2. Asian Winter Games Champion
In the 2016-17 figure skating season, Choi made her senior Grand Prix debut, placing seventh at 2016 Skate Canada International and ninth at the 2016 NHK Trophy. She initially finished fifth at the domestic ranking competition, narrowly missing a spot for the 2017 Asian Winter Games. She also placed fourth at the 2017 South Korean Figure Skating Championships, missing a medal and a direct qualification spot for the World Championships. Despite these early setbacks, Choi showed resilience by winning the high school division of the Winter National Sports Festival.
Mid-season, Choi made a strategic decision to change her short program music, switching from "Qué rico el mambo" to a medley of "It's Over, Isn't It?" from Steven Universe and "Someone in the Crowd" from La La Land. She also began training under coach Lee Eun-hee. This change proved beneficial as she competed at the 2017 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships in Gangneung, South Korea, where she placed fifth and achieved personal best scores across all categories (short program, free skate, and total). Her free skating score during this event marked the highest for a South Korean figure skater since Kim Yuna.
Choi was subsequently called up as a replacement for the injured Park So-youn to compete at the Figure skating at the 2017 Asian Winter Games in Sapporo, Japan. She delivered a clean short program, scoring 61.30 points, and a nearly flawless free skate (with only a minor under-rotation call on a triple salchow), which earned her 126.24 points. Her total score of 187.54 points marked another personal best and secured her the gold medal. This made Choi Da-bin the first South Korean female figure skater to win a gold medal at the Asian Winter Games. The previous best result for South Korea in this event was a bronze medal won by Kwak Min-jeong at the 2011 Asian Winter Games.
Her strong performances continued as she was again called up to replace an injured skater, Kim Na-hyun, at the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships in Helsinki, Finland. In the short program, she skated a clean performance, scoring 62.66 points, another personal best. This placed her eleventh, setting the stage for South Korea to potentially secure two Olympic berths. In the free skate, she scored 128.45 points, improving her personal best further, and achieved a total score of 191.11 points. This comprehensive performance resulted in a tenth-place overall finish, successfully securing two spots for South Korean ladies' single skaters at both the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang and the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships in Milan.
3.2.3. Pyeongchang Winter Olympics Participation
The 2017-18 figure skating season presented Choi Da-bin with significant personal and professional challenges, including recurring issues with her skate boots and the passing of her mother. Despite these adversities, she demonstrated remarkable resilience. She participated in the 1st Olympic National Team Selection Event, where she won both the short and free programs, earning first place overall. She later withdrew from the Asian Trophy in August due to a demanding schedule. Her Grand Prix season began with a disappointing ninth-place finish at the 2017 Cup of China, which was largely attributed to a foot injury, leading to her subsequent withdrawal from 2017 Skate America. She also competed in Challenger Series events, placing fourth at the 2017 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy and ninth at the 2017 CS Finlandia Trophy.
At the 2nd Olympic National Team Selection Event, Choi showed a strong performance in the short program but experienced several errors in the free skate, ultimately finishing fourth overall. However, at the 72nd 2018 South Korean Figure Skating Championships held from January 5-7, 2018, she secured a crucial second-place finish, solidifying her position as the top-ranked South Korean skater for the upcoming 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. For the latter half of the season, Choi decided to revert to her Doctor Zhivago free skate program, citing difficulties in performing its replacement to her desired standard. She also changed coaches, moving from Lee Eun-hee to Shin Hea-sook after the season.
At the 2018 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, she placed fourth, narrowly missing a podium finish but setting a new personal best for herself at the Four Continents with a total score of 190.23 points.
Her highly anticipated participation at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang saw her deliver a memorable performance. During the team event, she received a standing ovation for her short program, scoring 65.73 points, which was a new personal best at the time. Her short program, "Papa, Can You Hear Me?", was dedicated to her late mother, adding an emotional depth to her performance. In the ladies' singles individual event, Choi further improved her personal best in the short program, scoring 67.77 points, and in the free skate, achieving 131.49 points. These scores contributed to a career-high total of 199.26 points. She finished seventh overall, marking the highest placement for a South Korean female skater since Kim Yuna. Her resilient performance, despite her personal struggles, was widely praised.
Unfortunately, her season concluded with a setback at the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships. After completing the short program and placing twenty-first, Choi was forced to withdraw from the free skate due to recurring equipment failure related to her skate boots and an ankle injury sustained during official practice. Despite this, her pivotal role in securing two Olympic berths and achieving the highest scores and Olympic ranking for a South Korean skater since Kim Yuna was considered a significant accomplishment of her season.
3.3. Challenges and Comeback Attempts (2018-2023)
Following her Olympic success, Choi faced persistent challenges related to her equipment and physical health, leading to periods of absence from competition, yet she repeatedly demonstrated her resolve to return.
3.3.1. Boot Problems and Hiatus
The 2018-19 figure skating season was severely impacted by ongoing and unresolved problems with her skate boots. Despite being assigned to compete at the 2018 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy, 2018 Skate Canada International, and 2018 NHK Trophy, Choi had to withdraw from all three events due to these persistent issues. Consequently, she did not compete for the remainder of the season. During the off-season, she participated in the 2019 All That Skate show.
3.3.2. Return to Competition and Later Seasons
Choi returned to international competition for the 2019-20 figure skating season. She began with a seventh-place finish at the 2019 CS Nebelhorn Trophy, followed by a fourth-place finish at the 2019 Denis Ten Memorial Challenge, and a twelfth-place finish at the 2019 CS Warsaw Cup. She did not participate in the 2020 South Korean Figure Skating Championships.
For the 2021-22 figure skating season, Choi was slated to compete at the 2021 Winter Universiade in Lucerne, Switzerland, but the event was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During a guest appearance on the South Korean TV show Sporty Sisters 2, Choi announced her probable retirement from competitive figure skating after the season, citing continuous struggles with boot problems and ankle injuries as the primary reasons for her decision. However, she later reconsidered this decision, demonstrating her enduring commitment to the sport.
Despite her earlier intention to retire, Choi decided to return to competitive skating for the 2022-23 figure skating season, with her stated goal being to compete at the 2023 Winter World University Games. She started her season by earning a bronze medal at the 2022 CS Denis Ten Memorial Challenge and then placed eighteenth at the 2022 CS Ice Challenge. At the 2023 South Korean Figure Skating Championships, she finished fourteenth overall, having placed twelfth in the short program and fourteenth in the free skate. She successfully competed at the 2023 Winter World University Games in Lake Placid, where she achieved a sixth-place finish in both the short and free programs, resulting in an overall sixth place.
In the 2023-24 figure skating season, Choi continued her competitive efforts on the Challenger circuit. She placed fifth at the 2023 CS Autumn Classic International and earned a silver medal at the 2023 CS Denis Ten Memorial Challenge. Domestically, she finished fifteenth at the national ranking competition and thirteenth at the 2024 South Korean Figure Skating Championships.
3.4. Retirement (2024-2025)
Choi Da-bin began her final competitive season, the 2024-25 figure skating season, by participating in the 2024 Korean Universiade and Asian Games Qualifiers in early October. She placed fourth at this event and was subsequently selected to represent South Korea at the 2025 Winter World University Games. In late November, she competed in the South Korean Ranking Competition, finishing fourteenth.
Her competitive career concluded with an eleventh-place finish at the 2025 Winter World University Games in Turin, Italy. Following this event, Choi officially announced her retirement from competitive figure skating, bringing an end to her 22-year journey in the sport. To commemorate her career, in late February 2025, Choi, along with fellow retired South Korean figure skaters Lim Eun-soo and Wi Seoyeong, was invited to perform together during the Gala exhibition at the 2025 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, held in Seoul.
4. Programs
Choi Da-bin's competitive programs throughout her career showcased a range of musical and choreographic styles, performed to music from various genres including classical, film soundtracks, and popular music.
| Season | Short program | Free skating | Exhibition | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-2025 |
>
----
----
| | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023-2024 |
----
>
----
| | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022-2023 |
----
>
| rowspan=2 |
|- | 2019-2020 |
>
|- | 2018-2019 |
>
|
----
|- | 2017-2018 |
>
----
----
|
----
----
----
|- | 2016-2017 |
----
>
|
|- | 2015-2016 |
>
| rowspan=3 |
|- | 2014-2015 |
>
|- | 2013-2014 |
>
|- | 2012-2013 |
>
| |
| 2011-2012 |
>
| | ||||||||||||||||
| 2010-2011 | unknown |
> |
5. Competitive Highlights
Choi Da-bin's competitive achievements span across senior, junior, and novice levels, including notable placements at international and national events.
5.1. Senior Level
GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; T = Team result; P = Personal result; WD = Withdrew
| Event | 2013-14 | 2014-15 | 2015-16 | 2016-17 | 2017-18 | 2018-19 | 2019-20 | 2022-23 | 2023-24 | 2024-25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olympics | 7th | |||||||||
| Olympics Team | 9th T 6th P | |||||||||
| Worlds | 14th | 10th | WD | |||||||
| Four Continents | 8th | 5th | 4th | |||||||
| GP Skate America | WD | |||||||||
| GP Skate Canada | 7th | WD | ||||||||
| GP Cup of China | 9th | |||||||||
| GP NHK Trophy | 9th | WD | ||||||||
| CS Autumn Classic | 5th | |||||||||
| CS Denis Ten Memorial | 4th | 3rd | 2nd | |||||||
| CS Finlandia | 9th | |||||||||
| CS Ice Challenge | 18th | |||||||||
| CS Nebelhorn | 7th | |||||||||
| CS Ondrej Nepela | 4th | 4th | WD | |||||||
| CS Tallinn Trophy | 8th | |||||||||
| CS U.S. Classic | 4th | |||||||||
| CS Warsaw Cup | 12th | |||||||||
| Asian Games | 1st | |||||||||
| Asian Trophy | 2nd | |||||||||
| Universiade | 6th | 11th | ||||||||
| South Korea | 4th | 2nd | 2nd | 4th | 2nd | WD | 14th | 13th | ||
| Ranking Comp. | 10th | 13th | 15th | 14th |
5.2. Junior and Novice Levels
JGP: Junior Grand Prix; N = Novice; J = Junior
| Event | 2007-08 | 2008-09 | 2009-10 | 2010-11 | 2011-12 | 2012-13 | 2013-14 | 2014-15 | 2015-16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Junior Worlds | 6th | 9th | |||||||
| JGP Austria | 3rd | ||||||||
| JGP Belarus | 4th | ||||||||
| JGP France | 5th | ||||||||
| JGP Japan | 4th | ||||||||
| JGP Latvia | 3rd | ||||||||
| JGP Mexico | 5th | ||||||||
| Asian Trophy | 1st N | 1st N | 3rd J | 2nd J | |||||
| Triglav Trophy | 1st J | ||||||||
| South Korea | 16th N | 8th N | 2nd N | 12th J | 3rd | 3rd | 4th | 2nd | 2nd |
6. Detailed Results
The following tables provide a comprehensive breakdown of Choi Da-bin's competitive results, including her personal best scores. Her current personal bests are highlighted in bold within the tables.
Her historical personal best scores are:
- Total: 199.26 (at the 2018 Winter Olympics)
- Short Program: 67.77 (at the 2018 Winter Olympics)
- Free Skating: 131.49 (at the 2018 Winter Olympics)
Her current personal best scores are:
- Total: 171.00 (at the 2023 CS Denis Ten Memorial Challenge)
- Short Program: 59.70 (at the 2023 CS Denis Ten Memorial Challenge)
- Free Skating: 111.30 (at the 2023 CS Denis Ten Memorial Challenge)
6.1. Senior Level Results
At team events, medals are awarded for team results only.
| 2024-25 season | ||||
| Date | Event | Short program | Free skating | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 13-15, 2025 | 2025 Winter Universiade | 13 48.82 | 10 98.49 | 11 147.31 |
| 2023-24 season | ||||
| Date | Event | Short program | Free skating | Total |
| January 4-7, 2024 | 2024 South Korean Championships | 13 58.20 | 12 116.44 | 13 174.64 |
| November 1-4, 2023 | 2023 CS Denis Ten Memorial Challenge | 1 59.70 | 2 111.30 | 2 171.00 |
| September 14-17, 2023 | 2023 CS Autumn Classic International | 5 58.60 | 5 104.66 | 5 163.26 |
| 2022-23 season | ||||
| Date | Event | Short program | Free skating | Total |
| January 13-15, 2023 | 2023 Winter Universiade | 6 59.13 | 6 112.40 | 6 171.53 |
| January 5-8, 2023 | 2023 South Korean Championships | 12 58.40 | 14 111.09 | 14 169.49 |
| November 9-13, 2022 | 2022 CS Ice Challenge | 19 44.78 | 18 87.88 | 18 132.66 |
| October 26-29, 2022 | 2022 CS Denis Ten Memorial Challenge | 3 49.76 | 2 95.30 | 3 145.06 |
| 2019-20 season | ||||
| Date | Event | Short program | Free skating | Total |
| November 14-17, 2019 | 2019 CS Warsaw Cup | 10 54.89 | 14 97.79 | 12 152.68 |
| October 9-12, 2019 | 2019 Denis Ten Memorial | 4 54.65 | 5 105.93 | 4 160.58 |
| September 25-28, 2019 | 2019 CS Nebelhorn Trophy | 8 53.91 | 7 103.27 | 7 157.18 |
| 2018-19 season | ||||
| Date | Event | Short program | Free skating | Total |
| November 9-11, 2018 | 2018 NHK Trophy | WD | WD | WD |
| October 26-28, 2018 | 2018 Skate Canada International | WD | WD | WD |
| 2017-18 season | ||||
| Date | Event | Short program | Free skating | Total |
| March 19-25, 2018 | 2018 World Championships | 21 55.30 | WD | WD |
| February 14-23, 2018 | 2018 Winter Olympics (ladies' singles) | 8 67.77 | 8 131.49 | 7 199.26 |
| February 9-12, 2018 | 2018 Winter Olympics (team event) | 6 65.73 | - | 9 |
| January 22-28, 2018 | 2018 Four Continents Championships | 5 62.30 | 4 127.93 | 4 190.23 |
| January 5-7, 2018 | 2018 South Korean Championships | 4 64.11 | 2 126.01 | 2 190.12 |
| November 3-5, 2017 | 2017 Cup of China | 9 53.90 | 9 112.09 | 9 165.99 |
| October 6-8, 2017 | 2017 CS Finlandia Trophy | 10 52.06 | 9 106.47 | 9 158.53 |
| September 21-23, 2017 | 2017 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy | 4 56.62 | 3 122.31 | 4 178.93 |
| 2016-17 season | ||||
| Date | Event | Short program | Free skating | Total |
| March 27-April 2, 2017 | 2017 World Championships | 11 62.66 | 7 128.45 | 10 191.11 |
| February 23-26, 2017 | 2017 Asian Winter Games | 1 61.30 | 1 126.24 | 1 187.54 |
| February 15-19, 2017 | 2017 Four Continents Championships | 6 61.62 | 4 120.79 | 5 182.41 |
| January 6-8, 2017 | 2017 South Korean Championships | 4 60.19 | 3 121.29 | 4 181.48 |
| November 25-27, 2016 | 2016 NHK Trophy | 11 51.06 | 9 114.57 | 9 165.63 |
| October 28-30, 2016 | 2016 Skate Canada | 8 53.29 | 6 112.49 | 7 165.78 |
| September 28-October 2, 2016 | 2016 CS Ondrej Nepela Memorial | 10 48.01 | 2 112.61 | 4 160.62 |
| September 14-18, 2016 | 2016 CS U.S. Classic | 3 58.70 | 5 94.29 | 4 152.99 |
| August 4-7, 2016 | 2016 Asian Open Trophy | 2 51.71 | 1 108.56 | 2 160.27 |
| 2015-16 season | ||||
| Date | Event | Short program | Free skating | Total |
| March 28 - April 3, 2016 | 2016 World Championships | 16 56.02 | 15 103.90 | 14 159.92 |
| February 16-21, 2016 | 2016 Four Continents Championships | 10 56.79 | 6 116.92 | 8 173.71 |
| January 8-10, 2016 | 2016 South Korean Championships | 2 60.32 | 2 116.97 | 2 177.29 |
| November 17-22, 2015 | 2015 CS Tallinn Trophy | 13 43.74 | 7 102.18 | 8 145.92 |
6.2. Junior and Novice Level Results
| 2015-16 season | |||||
| Date | Event | Level | Short program | Free skating | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 9-13, 2015 | 2015 JGP Austria | Junior | 4 57.27 | 3 115.11 | 3 172.38 |
| August 26-30, 2015 | 2015 JGP Latvia | Junior | 4 57.21 | 3 111.08 | 3 168.29 |
| 2014-15 season | |||||
| Date | Event | Level | Short program | Free skating | Total |
| April 15-19, 2015 | 2015 Triglav Trophy | Junior | 1 56.61 | 1 109.39 | 1 166.00 |
| March 2-8, 2015 | 2015 World Junior Championships | Junior | 9 54.32 | 9 102.06 | 9 156.38 |
| January 5-9, 2015 | 2015 South Korean Championships | Senior | 2 54.04 | 2 106.76 | 2 160.80 |
| September 17-21, 2014 | 2014 JGP Japan | Junior | 7 52.66 | 3 105.94 | 4 158.60 |
| August 20-24, 2014 | 2014 JGP France | Junior | 7 46.04 | 5 91.47 | 5 137.51 |
| August 6-10, 2014 | 2014 Asian Open Trophy | Junior | 3 55.55 | 2 101.40 | 2 156.95 |
| 2013-14 season | |||||
| Date | Event | Level | Short program | Free skating | Total |
| March 10-16, 2014 | 2014 World Junior Championships | Junior | 9 53.69 | 6 108.66 | 6 162.35 |
| January 1-5, 2014 | 2014 South Korean Championships | Senior | 10 50.38 | 3 108.26 | 4 158.64 |
| September 25-29, 2013 | 2013 JGP Belarus | Junior | 11 45.18 | 2 98.51 | 4 143.69 |
| September 4-8, 2013 | 2013 JGP Mexico | Junior | 7 47.48 | 5 94.75 | 5 142.23 |
| August 8-11, 2013 | 2013 Asian Open Trophy | Junior | 3 48.68 | 3 92.40 | 3 141.08 |
| 2012-13 season | |||||
| Date | Event | Level | Short program | Free skating | Total |
| January 2-6, 2013 | 2013 South Korean Championships | Senior | 2 53.21 | 3 99.88 | 3 153.09 |
| August 7-12, 2012 | 2012 Asian Open Trophy | Novice | 2 42.52 | 1 70.29 | 1 112.81 |
| 2011-12 season | |||||
| Date | Event | Level | Short program | Free skating | Total |
| January 12-16, 2012 | 2012 South Korean Championships | Senior | 4 44.20 | 2 97.26 | 3 141.46 |
| August 22-26, 2011 | 2011 Asian Open Trophy | Novice | 1 39.50 | 3 48.70 | 1 88.20 |
7. Legacy
Choi Da-bin holds a significant place in the history of South Korean figure skating, particularly as a leading figure following the retirement of Olympic champion Kim Yuna. Her groundbreaking gold medal at the 2017 Asian Winter Games was a historic first for a South Korean female skater, while her impressive seventh-place finish at the 2018 Winter Olympics marked the highest placement for a South Korean woman in the event since Kim Yuna's silver medal at the 2014 Sochi Olympics. These achievements, coupled with her consistent performance in international competitions, inspired a new generation of aspiring athletes in South Korea. Despite facing persistent challenges such as chronic injuries and recurring equipment issues, Choi's unwavering perseverance and strong mental fortitude throughout her career cemented her reputation as a resilient and influential role model in the sport, leaving a lasting impact on the development of figure skating in her country.