1. Early Life and Education
Barbet Schroeder's formative years, marked by international relocation and a strong academic foundation, significantly shaped his artistic vision and intellectual curiosity.
1.1. Birth and Family Background
Barbet Schroeder was born on 26 August 1941 in Tehran, Iran. His mother, Ursula, was a German physician, and his father, Jean-William Schroeder, was a Swiss geologist. From the ages of six to eleven, Schroeder lived in Colombia due to his father's work. Following his parents' divorce, he moved to France with his mother at the age of eleven, where he was raised. His maternal grandfather was the renowned German psychiatrist Hans Prinzhorn.
1.2. Education
Schroeder pursued his academic studies in France, attending the prestigious Lycée Condorcet and Lycée Henri-IV to obtain his Baccalauréat. He then studied philosophy at the Sorbonne (University of Paris). During his early engagement with cinema, he contributed to the influential film criticism journal Cahiers du Cinéma, which was closely associated with the French New Wave movement.
2. Career
Schroeder's extensive career spans over six decades, encompassing significant contributions as a film producer, director, and actor across French, European, and Hollywood cinema.
2.1. Founding Les Films du Losange and Early Production
In 1962, at the age of 21, Barbet Schroeder co-founded the influential production company Les Films du Losange in Paris, France, with director Éric Rohmer. This company became a pivotal force in the French New Wave, producing some of its most renowned films. Among their early productions were Rohmer's The Bakery Girl of Monceau (1962), which initiated Rohmer's "Six Moral Tales" series, and the omnibus film Six in Paris (1965), featuring segments directed by prominent New Wave figures such as Jean-Daniel Pollet, Jean Rouch, Jean Douchet, Éric Rohmer, Jean-Luc Godard, and Claude Chabrol. Schroeder also served as an assistant director for Godard's Les Carabiniers (1963) and Rohmer's Suzanne's Life (1963). Other notable films produced by Schroeder include Rohmer's Love in the Afternoon (1972) and The Marquise of O (1976), as well as Jacques Rivette's Celine and Julie Go Boating (1974) and Raúl Ruiz's Shattered Image (1998).
2.2. Directing Career
Schroeder's directorial work is characterized by a diverse range of genres and a consistent engagement with complex human and societal themes, evolving from counter-cultural narratives to mainstream thrillers and critically acclaimed documentaries.
2.2.1. French New Wave and Early Directorial Work
Schroeder made his feature directorial debut with More (1969), a film about heroin addiction set in Ibiza. This co-production between Luxembourg and West Germany became a significant hit in Europe, with the soundtrack famously composed by Pink Floyd, who released the album More. Pink Floyd also provided the soundtrack for Schroeder's 1972 film La Vallée, released as the album Obscured by Clouds. His early directorial efforts, including Maîtresse (1975) and Cheaters (1984), often featured the cinematography of Néstor Almendros.
2.2.2. Documentary Films
Schroeder has made significant contributions to documentary filmmaking, particularly with his "Trilogy of Evil," which critically examines figures associated with extreme power and violence. This trilogy includes:
- General Idi Amin Dada: A Self Portrait (1974), featuring extensive interviews with the Ugandan dictator.
- Terror's Advocate (2007), which explores terrorism over five decades through the eyes of French lawyer Jacques Vergès and his clients. This film earned Schroeder a César Award for Best Documentary Film.
- The Venerable W. (2016), focusing on the extremist Buddhist monk Ashin Wirathu in Myanmar.
Other notable documentaries include Koko: A Talking Gorilla (1978), co-produced with the French National Audiovisual Institute (INA), and The Charles Bukowski Tapes (1985), which he also edited.
2.2.3. Hollywood and Mainstream Films
In 1987, Schroeder made his Hollywood debut directing Barfly, starring Mickey Rourke and Faye Dunaway, with Francis Ford Coppola as a producer. The film was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. His transition to mainstream Hollywood continued with Reversal of Fortune (1990), for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director, and Jeremy Irons won an Academy Award for his portrayal of Claus von Bülow.
Schroeder became known for directing commercially successful Hollywood films that often blended melodrama with the thriller genre. These include Single White Female (1992), Kiss of Death (1995), Before and After (1996), Desperate Measures (1998), and Murder by Numbers (2002). Despite his success in mainstream cinema, Schroeder has maintained an interest in making smaller, more independent films, such as La virgen de los sicarios (2000), an adaptation of the controversial novel by Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo. His later directorial works include Inju: The Beast in the Shadow (2008), Amnesia (2015), and Ricardo and Painting (2023).
2.3. Acting Career
Beyond his work as a director and producer, Barbet Schroeder has also had a notable acting career, appearing in a variety of films across different genres and directors. His roles often include distinctive character parts.
He played one of the 'ghosts' in Jacques Rivette's Celine and Julie Go Boating (1974), a film he also produced. He appeared as a car salesman in Éric Rohmer's The Bakery Girl of Monceau (1963) and as Jean-Pierre in Jean Rouch's segment "Gare du Nord" in Six in Paris (1965). Other early acting credits include Gian-Reto in Rivette's Out 1 (1971) and Out 1: Spectre (1972), Vittorio in Roberta (1979), and an uncredited guest at dinner in La Mémoire courte (1979).
In the 1990s, he had a cameo as a man in a Porsche in John Landis's Beverly Hills Cop III (1994) and an advisor in Patrice Chéreau's La Reine Margot (1994). He notably portrayed Maurice, the French President, in Tim Burton's science fiction comedy Mars Attacks! (1996).
His later acting roles include a hair products salesman in Christopher Doyle's "Porte de Choisy" segment of Paris, je t'aime (2006), the Duc de Grandlieu in Jacques Rivette's The Duchess of Langeais (2007), and The Mechanic in Wes Anderson's The Darjeeling Limited (2007). He also appeared in Ne fais pas ça! (2004), Une aventure (2005), L'avocat (2011), and Le grand soir (2012). His final film role was as Le médecin in Portrait of the Artist (2014).
2.4. Television Work
Schroeder's television contributions include directing an episode for the critically acclaimed American dramatic series Mad Men. He directed "The Grown Ups," the twelfth episode of the third season, which first aired on 1 November 2009. This episode was particularly notable for its depiction of the events surrounding the Kennedy assassination.
3. Filmography
Barbet Schroeder's extensive filmography showcases his versatility as a director, producer, and actor across numerous cinematic works.
3.1. Directed Films
| Year | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1969 | More | |
| 1972 | La Vallée | |
| 1974 | General Idi Amin Dada: A Self Portrait | Documentary film |
| 1975 | Maîtresse | |
| 1978 | Koko: A Talking Gorilla | Documentary film |
| 1984 | Cheaters (Tricheurs) | |
| 1985 | The Charles Bukowski Tapes | Documentary film; also editor |
| 1987 | Barfly | |
| 1990 | Reversal of Fortune | |
| 1992 | Single White Female | |
| 1995 | Kiss of Death | |
| 1996 | Before and After | |
| 1998 | Desperate Measures | |
| 2000 | La virgen de los sicarios | |
| 2002 | Murder by Numbers | |
| 2007 | Terror's Advocate | Documentary film; also narrator |
| 2008 | Inju: The Beast in the Shadow | |
| 2015 | Amnesia | |
| 2017 | The Venerable W. | |
| 2023 | Ricardo and Painting |
3.2. Produced Films
| Year | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1962 | The Bakery Girl of Monceau | Directed by Éric Rohmer |
| 1964 | Nadja in Paris | Directed by Éric Rohmer |
| 1965 | Six in Paris (Paris vu par...) | Segment: "Gare du Nord"; also actor |
| 1972 | Love in the Afternoon (L'Amour l'après-midi) | Directed by Éric Rohmer |
| 1974 | Celine and Julie Go Boating | Directed by Jacques Rivette; also actor |
| 1976 | The Marquise of O (Die Marquise von O...) | Directed by Éric Rohmer |
| 1998 | Shattered Image | Directed by Raúl Ruiz |
3.3. Acting Roles
| Year | Title | Role | Director | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1963 | The Bakery Girl of Monceau | Car salesman | Éric Rohmer | Also producer |
| 1965 | Six in Paris | Jean-Pierre | Jean Rouch | Segment: "Gare du Nord"; also producer |
| 1971 | Out 1 | Gian-Reto | Jacques Rivette | |
| 1972 | Out 1: Spectre | Gian-Reto | Jacques Rivette | |
| 1974 | Celine and Julie Go Boating | Olivier | Jacques Rivette | Also producer |
| 1979 | Roberta | Vittorio | Pierre Zucca | |
| 1979 | La Mémoire courte | Un invité au dîner | Eduardo de Gregorio | |
| 1984 | Love on the Ground | Audience | Jacques Rivette | Uncredited |
| 1990 | The Golden Boat | Mean Passer-by | Raúl Ruiz | |
| 1994 | La Reine Margot | An advisor | Patrice Chéreau | |
| 1994 | Beverly Hills Cop III | Man in Porsche | John Landis | |
| 1996 | Mars Attacks! | Maurice, the French President | Tim Burton | |
| 2004 | Ne fais pas ça! | Un client du restaurant #1 | Luc Bondy | |
| 2005 | Une aventure | Dr. Idelman | Xavier Giannoli | |
| 2006 | Paris, je t'aime | Monsieur Henny | Christopher Doyle | Segment: "Porte de Choisy" |
| 2007 | The Duchess of Langeais | Duc de Grandlieu | Jacques Rivette | |
| 2007 | The Darjeeling Limited | The Mechanic | Wes Anderson | |
| 2011 | L'avocat | Jacques Meco | Cédric Anger | |
| 2012 | Le grand soir | Jacques Meco | Benoît Delépine, Gustave Kervern | |
| 2014 | Portrait of the Artist | Le médecin | Antoine Barraud | Final film role |
4. Personal Life
Barbet Schroeder resides in France and is married to the acclaimed French actress Bulle Ogier.
5. Controversies and Political Stances
In 2009, Barbet Schroeder signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, advocating for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland. The arrest was in relation to a 1977 charge concerning the drugging and rape of a 13-year-old girl.
6. Awards and Critical Reception
Barbet Schroeder has received significant recognition and accolades throughout his career for his diverse contributions to cinema. His film Barfly (1987) was nominated for the prestigious Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. For his direction of Reversal of Fortune (1990), Schroeder earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director, and the film's star, Jeremy Irons, won an Academy Award for his performance.
In 2000, his film La virgen de los sicarios received the Senate Gold Medal at the 57th Venice International Film Festival. His documentary Terror's Advocate (2007) was honored with the César Award for Best Documentary Film. Critics have often highlighted Schroeder's ability to navigate between commercially successful Hollywood productions and more intimate, socially conscious independent films. For instance, film critic Roger Ebert published an article detailing a day on location with Schroeder during the filming of Barfly, reflecting the critical attention his work garnered.
7. Influence and Legacy
Barbet Schroeder's influence on cinema is multifaceted, stemming from his foundational role in the French New Wave, his successful transition to Hollywood, and his consistent engagement with complex social and political issues through his films. As a co-founder of Les Films du Losange, he was instrumental in fostering the artistic environment of the New Wave, producing seminal works by directors like Éric Rohmer and Jacques Rivette. This early work established him as a key figure in independent and auteur cinema.
His directorial career demonstrates a unique ability to bridge the gap between European art-house sensibilities and mainstream Hollywood appeal. By tackling diverse genres, from counter-cultural dramas like More to psychological thrillers such as Single White Female, Schroeder proved his versatility and commercial viability. Simultaneously, his dedication to documentary filmmaking, particularly the "Trilogy of Evil," solidifies his legacy as a filmmaker committed to critically exploring themes of power, violence, and justice, offering profound insights into the human condition and societal structures. His continued interest in making smaller, more challenging films alongside his commercial successes further underscores his artistic integrity and lasting impact on the global cinematic landscape.